Patricia Monaghan tends vines, trees and vegetables near Black Earth, Wisconsin, as well as teaching environmental issues and literature at DePaul University in Chicago. She is the author of four books of poetry, most recently Homefront, on the impact of war on families, and many works of nonfiction including The Red-Haired Girl from the Bog: The Landscape of Celtic Myth and Spirit. Among her literary awards have been a Pushcart Prize and the Phoenix Award for environmental poetry.

In Grace of Ancient Land award winning poet, playwright and essayist Patricia Monaghan writes of and from the Driftless area of Southeastern Wisconsin. The poems reveal the unique typography of stream-cut valleys and limestone-crowned hills that rolls out in a 600 mile swath of forest, farm and field. Patricia Monaghan opens to us the heart of this virtually unknown magical geography. Across wilding orchards, to a blaze of prairie grasses/pink and scarlet in the dying sun., the poet’s attention is precise, awed, unsentimental. Within these arcs Patricia watches light fall across the meadow pearling the hissing woodlands, the dust-blue grapes ripe amongthe sunset plums was grace itself . . . the embrace of . . . the unsought present.

Her work falls in the tradition of Aldo Leopold’s “land ethic.” Yet it is a subversive moral vision in the tradition of Eavan Boland’s ethic of “powerful ordinariness.” Monaghan thus genders her land ethic. Monaghan does not mythologize the land but embodies its beauty and bounty in the luminous ordinary of planting, canning, the fleeting presence of deer and hawk. She implicitly links seasonal change to the cycle of birth and death. When she sees the hawk circling for field mice, she reminds us of the mortal path we trod and bids us to pay attention to what grace offers: the quickening unbidden moment. —Renny Golden

Cover Illustration by Katalin Ehling. Katalin Ehling, born in Hungary, spent her childhood in the Midwest and studied at the American Academy of Art in Chicago. Known internationally for her work in batik, she also paints watercolors and produces serigraphs, etchings, and other prints. In 1995, she illustrated the award-winning children’s book, The Night the Grandfathers Danced (Northland).

Grace of Ancient Land

—Introduction by Renny Golden

The sacred, for Patricia Monaghan, is revealed in southwestern Wisconsin’s meadows and slow breathing rivers, trees and bees, hawks and field mice, the rolling hills and

elderberry, yarrow, bee balm, clover,
big and little bluestem, rattlesnake master,
downy gentian, boneset, dogbane, ragweed,
and thickets of sumac, blackberry, blackcap, rose.

She listens carefully to the chorus of wind, river, rustling fields chanting: everything lives, everything lives. Patricia’s poems reflect both the music and silences of an ancient land. Her attentiveness calls the reader to wake up to the world’s beauty and to its deep witness. Monaghan’s work is a meditation in the tradition of Annie Dillard who, too, invites us to awakening: “we live in time’s hurdy-gurdy; we wake, if we ever wake, to the silence of God.”

“If we ever wake” . . . Monaghan offers the abundance: dust-blue grapes ripe among/ sunset plums; the winding paths that deer cut on the prairie; sumac flames; the geese cry out; aster blooms, the apples fall.

She evokes Walt Whitman’s praise songs, and, too, conservationist poet-priests Wendell Berry and Thomas Berry. Like Thomas Berry, she finds grace in wildness. “Wildness,” says Berry, “is the root of the authentic spontaneities of any being.” In “Grace and Wildness” Monaghan sees a tangle of wild plums . . . vines twisting up the slender trees . . . the embraceof splendid momentary life, the unsought present.The gift of the unsought present continually surprises her:

Snow and blossom, past
and future, world and spirit, all
in this moment: fleeting, vast.

This is a poet of unsentimental awe, awakened and enchanted by the mystery of world and spirit revealed in the wild ordinary. Like Wendell Berry, she seeks solace in wildness. When in despair for the world, Berry lies down where the wood drake/rests in his beauty on the water, / and the great heron feeds. / I come into the peace of wild things.

Patricia and her husband Michael McDermott’s farm in the Wisconsin Driftless Area is a refuge, the place of wild things. To match the holiness she finds there, she uses a liturgical scaffold. The book’s structure follows the Mass of Patricia’s Irish Catholic youth. She discovers in the season’s turning a liturgy that celebrates the sacraments of time and world. “Getting to Black Earth” is the Introit of the mass intoning the beginning of the Driftless region, a half-million years before when the glaciers of four Ice Ages detoured around southwestern Wisconsin. “Confiteor: A Country Song” confesses our sins against each other and the ravished land. In the poem Monaghan senses the past presence of another who loved the land before.

These harmless hills bear scars of war.
Someone stood here, full of fear.
This is not a metaphor.

“Things to Believe In” is Monaghan’s Credo. It is a Credo without orthodoxy. She believes in this world; immanent, ever changing:

seasons; bedrock; lilacs;
moonshadows under the ash grove;
something breaking through

“The Oracle of Nine Trees” is a gospel of trees in their bearing; their anchored presence assuring us. But the oracle refuses only comfort, announces the inevitable. The mortality of trees, like ours, is provisional, glorious, lonely and doomed.

“Transubstantiation” is eucharist. Who does not recognize this day?

Sunday. End of summer.
Cloudless sky. A flight of geese.

It is the time just before harvest when all is burnished gold- rose, vineyards, and orchards surrendering. Just before turning toward chill, the fields offer up themselves: take and eat from this land.

All is transformed: apples and tomatoes, carrots and grapes torn from vines and soil to feed us. This is the grace we take for granted: what is broken to nuture us. Everything lives, everything dies. Still, the poet rejoices. We cannot outrun our mortal fate, nor save the creatures of fang and wing. Wendell Berry suggests imitation:

Be like the fox
who makes more tracks than necessary,
some in the wrong direction.
Practice resurrection.

Monaghan practices resurrection. She sees death not as defeat but surrender. In “Harvest Evening” she does not wince.

Everywhere, the death, the seeds. Burrs
bristle on the tall stems of the dock.
Rowan and crabapple and viburnum
echo the bloody color in the west,
while above it all the hawk’s wings drum
assuring that no small thing finds its nest.

In “Ways to Leave” the last blessing of the liturgy (ite missa est go, the mass is ended) she invites us to

go straight
over the crest
and southeast down to Black Earth Creek
where herons fish and deer graze
beside the fields. So many ways
to leave

This leave-taking is the dark in the fields gone brown and grey, summer’s end.

Monaghan looks to the natural world to open the doors of our lonely finitude. Her work is an Alleluia for the Driftless, a unique Midwestern land. American land, however, is not her only influence. She has dual citizenship in Ireland and the United States. In Ireland Patricia went searching not just her relative line but toward Yeats’ “terrible beauty”, its spirit, magic and tragedy. Pagan Ireland and her pastoral Goddesses who blessed harvests and bog side persuaded Patricia that nature had spirit, a consciousness the ancients knew. Irish poets like Seamus Heaney and Eavan Boland echo in her poems: Heaney’s language is lyrical, a precise rendering of the cyclical seasons shaping his youth on a farm, as well as, wry and tender in describing his own approaching leave-taking.

Yet it is Eavan Boland whose influence is most subtly present in Monaghan’s work. Boland reclaimed the ordinary — of women’s lives — from the dustbin of irrelevance where Irish women’s utterances were tossed. In her poem “Celebration of the Ordinary” Monaghan helps us see the familiar’s stunning reciprocity

Ordinary:
sustaining tasks, how we
move through the day,

turning now and again in
comfortable familiarity, in
familiar comfort, to hold
each other’s gaze. And

especially: the way of nature,
not just a garden’s straight
rows but the winding paths
that deer cut on the prairie,

Boland too sees in a fleeting moment: vastness, beauty. She finds in the leave-taking of the day, the hour of change, metamorphosis, an ordinary reminder that we stand on spinning ground, flung round with trees and rivers that inhabit the wild top that holds us.

This is the hour that I love, the in-between
Neither here-nor-there hour of evening.
The air is tea-colored in the garden.

In celebrating the ordinary, Monaghan awakens our love for what is, in order to save it. She does not argue for this love, she presents its fragile, daily perseverance in poem after poem. But her choice of language and subject is an ethical one. Eavan Boland examines the urgency of such choice: "Who the poet is, what he or she nominates as a proper theme for poetry, what selves poets discover and confirm through this subject matter — all of this involves an ethical choice. The more volatile the material — and a wounded history, public or private, is always volatile — the more intensely ethical the choice."

Monaghan’s lyrical language, precisely rendering the lush bounty of harvest, lures us to commemorate the wild, the marred, ancient marvel of the Driftless. She both breaks silences and invites them. In the end she reminds us that there are many ways to leave, as winter is upon us.

Across the valley, prairie grasses blaze
pink and scarlet in the dying sun.
Beside the bronze of brittle corn, just days
past harvest, the goldenrod is stiff and brown.

Everything dies, everything rises. Monaghan practices ordinary resurrections.

Ite misa est. Go, this mass ends.

Renny Golden’s book of poetry, The Hour of the Furnaces, was nominated for a National Book Award; her new book of poetry, Blood Desert: Witnesses 1820–1880 (Nuevo Mexico in the 1800s), was published in 2011 by the University of New Mexico Press.

Poems by Patricia Monaghan:

GETTING TO BLACK EARTH

Start with ocean. A shallow sea, populous
with plankton, and giant fish that feed on it.
Let storms and sunlight flash across the sea.
As bodies die, let them drift down to mud.

Then let there be light. And fire. And heaving:
rock on rock. Let the sea sink. Let it
pour away into other, younger seas.
Let the land rest, damp, exhausted, rich.

Now, let ice appear from north and east
and west. Let it move south to form an isle
of green in a sea of snow. Let this happen over
and over and over for half a million years.

Let low pink quartzite hills hold back the ice.
Let lakes appear beyond, inland seas
with coastlines of blue snow. Let eagles float
above the blue and icy waves, fishing.

Now, catastrophe: Let water break
through ice, drowning sleeping bears still
in their caves, and wolves, and fleeing deer, and mice.
Let a great pathway open on the land

marking the pathway of the flood. Let creeks
and rivers deepen crevices in rock,
and gullies form and soften under wind.
Let oaks take root, and shagbark hickory,

and elderberry, yarrow, bee balm, clover,
big and little bluestem, rattlesnake master,
downy gentian, boneset, dogbane, ragweed,
and thickets of sumac, blackberry, blackcap, rose.

Let black soil deepen over limestone seabed
except where it erupts on crowns of hills.
Then, not long ago, let people come.

Start with ocean. End with Black Earth.

---

WILDNESS AND GRACE

Wild grapes tangle with wild plums
just where the road turns west.
When clouds of blossoms floated there
last spring, we felt blessed

by promises of summer fruit.
We didn’t see the vines
twisting up the slender trees
until today. To find

the dust-blue grapes ripe among
the sunset plums was grace
itself: “grace,” from gratus,
pleasing, grateful; the embrace

of splendid momentary life,
the unsought present.
We fill our hands and baskets
with wild, luxuriant,

unexpected gifts. Come cold,
come snow, come winter’s night,
we will have summer once again:
plum wine in firelight

and purple jelly on warm bread.
Snow and blossom, past
and future, world and spirit, all
in this moment: fleeting, vast.

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